The altered history in "A Single Inch" (2)

  "Distorting History in 'A Foot of Mountains and Rivers, A Foot of Blood'" [Repost from Tiexue Forum]

  hcxy2000's words before reposting: ?

  It's a pity that due to certain reasons, there has already been debate in the book review about the contributions of the KMT and CPC during the War of Resistance. The author's point is very clear: among the people who resisted Japan, there were only Chinese people, only descendants of the Huaxia nation, with no distinction between political parties!

  To fight a war of resistance, it is necessary to strengthen oneself. With Chairman [**] as the leader, the [**] people seized the opportunity, and history and the people chose the [**] people!

  Always remember, it is history and the people who choose [**]!

  This article was seen by the author on the Tiexue Forum. The vast majority of views in it I agree with. These views can fully answer the questions that the KMT is currently making a fuss about.

  For the above reasons, please be prepared to re-post about this debate content reader note. If your point of view has been refuted in this post, I will not hesitate to delete your book review.

  Once again, I agree with most of the views in this article, but not all of them.

  This article comes from Tiexue Forum, thanks to the re-poster Anyitian.

  Episode 6: "The Final Hour"

  "On November 12, 1935, he delivered a famous speech at the Fifth National Congress of the Kuomintang, stating: 'As long as peace has not reached its last resort, we will never give up on peace; as long as sacrifice has not reached its final moment, we will never lightly speak of sacrifice!'... This speech is similar to his 1923 article 'Enemy or Friend?' in that it urged Japan to pull back from the brink, but its tone was much tougher. He strongly implied to Japan that the patience of the Chinese people had its limits."

  This speech made [**] realize that Chiang Kai-shek still wanted to resist Japan. From then on, the political slogan "Oppose Chiang and Resist Japan" was dropped, replaced by "Support Chiang and Resist Japan".

  "The Tanaka Cabinet in the Oriental Conference he presided over... what is called the Tanaka Memorial, ... from a historical perspective, basically does not exist as to its authenticity. The focus is that since 1929, Nanjing's Current Events Monthly first exposed this document, condensing Japan's invasion plot of China into four words - 'Tanaka Memorial', and became an effective tool for spreading national hatred at the time. In this regard, Cai Zhikan still has merits that cannot be ignored."

  "In 1932, Japan established the puppet state of Manchukuo in Northeast China. The following year, due to the League of Nations' refusal to recognize it, Japan withdrew from the League. By the end of 1936, Japan also withdrew from the naval arms limitation treaties signed with the US and UK."

  Lugou Bridge Incident

  "The entire 219 troops, with simple weapons and flesh and blood, fought bitterly against the enemy in the small town of Wanping for 23 days. They opened the prelude to the eight-year war of resistance with their blood. Since September 18, a suffocating breath had been pent up in my chest."

  "On July 17, 1937, Chairman Chiang announced in Lushan: The Lugou Bridge Incident is my last warning. Our country insists on the minimum stance, but still hopes that Japan will rein in its horses at the edge of the cliff and not make a big mistake. But Japan did not respond, and the fighting continued."

  "On August 22, 1937, the Military Commission issued an order to formally incorporate the Red Army into the National Revolutionary Army as the 8th Route Army, later renamed the 18th Group Army. ... The Red Army, which had been besieged for ten years, changed into new uniforms, received salaries and supplies."

  The grain allowance for these 30,000 people was stopped after 40 years.

  "If this is the second cooperation between the KMT and the Communist Party since Mr. Sun Yat-sen's tolerance of the communists in 1924, it can also be seen as a great trend for both parties to join forces to save the nation from disaster. However, it can also be viewed as the beginning of another disaster for the Nationalist Party."

  It can be said that in the face of national difficulties, [**] got rid of the open suppression of the Nationalist Party and gained the opportunity to compete with the Nationalist Party on an equal footing. In the process of jointly resisting national difficulties, although the Nationalist Party controlled the country's political, economic, military and other resources, [**] almost had to start from scratch. But who performed better in the anti-Japanese war would gain more support from the people.

  If the Kuomintang could have abandoned its party interests at a time of national crisis, genuinely implemented Mr. Sun Yat-sen's policy of "equalization of land ownership", supported and fostered national capital instead of destroying it, and carried out democratic politics, drawing all patriotic political groups to its side, then who would win or lose in the post-war competition would be hard to predict.

  "In the Battle of Nankou, casualties exceeded 15,000."

  Pingxingguan Campaign

  "On September 25, our army launched a five-route attack, with the fifth route being the 115th Division of [**]. Lin's unit ambushed a logistics convoy of the enemy army, destroying over 80 vehicles. Later, they jointly captured Caijiayu and Xiaozhai with friendly forces. On the 28th, the enemy's reinforcements arrived, forcing our army to retreat and abandon Pingxingguan."

  At that time, Guo Zongfan's 71st Division did not launch the attack on schedule as planned, leaving an opportunity for the enemy to counterattack. Commander Xu Fanting was furious and wanted Yan Xishan to investigate, but it eventually came to nothing.

  Kuo Teng-yun's six brigades set out at midnight, with the two columns advancing separately via Hsien-t'ou and Mi-hui to attack from different directions. Unexpectedly, they were attacked by enemy forces at Tuan-ch'eng-k'ou and Chiao-tzu-chi. Tuan-ch'eng-k'ou and Chiao-tzu-chi had originally been defended by a section of Kao Kuei-tzu's troops, but Kao Kuei-tzu had made false reports about the military situation and secretly abandoned Tuan-ch'eng-k'ou and Chiao-tzu-chi without informing General Headquarters. As a result, Kuo's forces were suddenly attacked by the enemy, became disorganized, and were split up and compressed into unfavorable terrain.

  The Eighth Route Army, with the remaining prestige of the Pingxingguan Campaign, attacked the enemy at Dongbapo. The Japanese army's Lieutenant Colonel Suzuki had only two battalions, over a thousand men, and most of his troops were attacking Guo's unit at Tuanchengkou and Jiazijian. Under pressure from the Eighth Route Army, the Japanese army broke through Tuanchengkou.

  The annihilation battle was fought next to Caijiayu and Xiao Zhai, before the war, there were no Japanese troops in these two places. During the war, the Japanese troops who broke out of the encirclement were annihilated again by the Eighth Route Army at these two places. The enemy facing [**] was over 1,000 Japanese troops from Dong Paichi, and Guo Zongfen's 71st Division did not attack Dong Paichi.

  Regarding the Pingxingguan Campaign, Zhou Guohuang, who served in Yang Aiyuan's garrison troops, said: "This 18th Army Group, the Communist army only made contact with him at Caijiayu. They launched a surprise attack on him. Some people say that the victory at Pingxingguan was a great one, but in fact, we can think of it this way - whether it's true or not, whether it's a big victory or not. Because the Red Army's combat strategy has a certain idea, which is to fight mobile warfare and never fight positional warfare. So, to say that the Communist army really put up a good defense at Pingxingguan is not accurate. The mobile warfare outside was just a skirmish in that area, but it doesn't constitute a great victory."

  "From this, we can conclude that the Pingxingguan campaign was indeed a successful surprise attack, and there is a big difference between it and the [great victory] that was widely publicized. However, we must affirm that in such a difficult situation, having some good news had an impact on the morale of the people and the soldiers."

  At dawn on the 25th, more than 1,000 troops from the 3rd Battalion of the 21st Regiment of the 5th Division of the Japanese Army, along with logistics units, were surrounded by the 115th Division in the Pingxingguan area. The commander of the 5th Division, Lieutenant General Itagaki Seishirō, ordered the 42nd Regiment in Weixian and Laiyuan to reinforce Pingxingguan quickly, but they were blocked by the 115th Division's cavalry regiment and infantry battalion north and east of Lingqiu. The Japanese troops surrounded between Xiao Zhai and Laoye Temple launched a fierce attack on Laoye Temple and its surrounding areas under the cover of six aircraft, attempting to break through. However, due to the close combat, the Japanese aircraft were unable to provide effective support, and their counterattack was repelled by the 686th Regiment. Subsequently, the 686th Regiment concentrated its forces and annihilated the surrounded Japanese troops with the cooperation of one battalion each from the 685th and 687th Regiments. The battle ended at 13:00. In the evening, the 343rd Brigade launched an attack on the Japanese army in the Donggou area, but due to the failure of the Nationalist Army to execute the planned attack, the plan to annihilate the Japanese army in Donggou was thwarted.

  In this battle, more than 1,000 soldiers of the Japanese army's 21st Division were killed, over 100 vehicles were destroyed, 200 horse-drawn carriages were destroyed, and more than 20 light and heavy machine guns, over 1,000 long and short guns, and a large number of other military materials were captured. This was the first time that the Chinese army had completely annihilated a Japanese army division, and it was also the first major victory won since the beginning of the War of Resistance against Japan. It shattered the myth of the invincibility of the Imperial Army and wrote a glorious page in the history of the War of Resistance.

  This battle also shattered the rumor that "the Eighth Route Army does not fight positional warfare". The 115th Division used three regiments to encircle and annihilate, while the independent regiment and cavalry battalion fought a positional warfare in Lingqiu to block the Japanese army. In mobile warfare, encirclement and annihilation require a certain amount of time to complete, which must be obtained through positional warfare on the periphery. Without necessary positional warfare, it is impossible to achieve encirclement and annihilation.

  To be exact, the Eighth Route Army mainly employed mobile warfare and supplemented it with positional warfare. Positional warfare was used to create opportunities for mobile warfare, gain necessary time, and must be defended at all costs.

  Mao Zedong's "On Protracted War" was condensed by Bai Chongxi into "trading space for time, accumulating small victories into a big victory". However, the understanding of trading space for time had a huge gap between the two parties. On the Nationalist side, it was understood as passive defense with step-by-step resistance. On Mao's side, it meant not caring about the gain or loss of a city or land, but instead using large-scale mobility to seek advantageous opportunities and actively annihilate the enemy's effective strength.

  From the perspective of combat guiding ideology, our army is at a disadvantage in terms of equipment. The tactic of resisting at every step will inevitably lead to heavy casualties, and heavy casualties will inevitably have a negative impact on morale. For an army at a disadvantage to maintain morale, it must have victories. However, these victories cannot be achieved through brute force or desperate fighting, as this is impossible for a weak army. Victory must be achieved through correct strategy and tactics, that is, by using terrain, timing, and surprise attacks to compensate for the disadvantage in equipment. Overall, our side is at a disadvantage, but our army should rely on active maneuvering, using local absolute advantages to achieve victory.

  Which of these two strategic tactics is more in line with the actual situation of the Chinese team, and who is better or worse, isn't it obvious at a glance?

  The Pingxingguan Campaign is ongoing, and the Yang Chengwu's 3rd Division, which was tasked with blocking the enemy's reinforcements, stubbornly blocked the enemy's reinforcements at Yaozhan in the east of Lingqiu, killing or wounding over 300 people. After completing the blocking task, they withdrew.

  In this battle, the Eighth Route Army with 3 regiments (over 4,000 people) annihilated a Japanese infantry battalion and a logistics battalion (over 1,000 people). The Japanese army was extremely stubborn and fought to the death. Another regiment plus one battalion blocked the Japanese reinforcements, killing and wounding over 300 people.

  In retrospect, with a force of 6 battalions (about 9,000 men) attacking the Japanese army's 2 large detachments (over 1,000 people), they were unexpectedly counterattacked.

  The Seventh Battle of Shanghai-Hangzhou

  The Eighth Route Army's Shanghai-Hangzhou Campaign (Part 2)

  Episode 9: "Bloody Sky"

  Episode 10: "The Brave Warriors Who Lost Their Coastline"

  Episode 11: The Battle of Nanjing

  Episode 12: The Nanking Massacre

  The Thirteenth Chapter: The Battle of Xuzhou (Part 1)

  Episode 14: "The Battle of Xuzhou" (Part 2)

  In the above gatherings, I saw the soldiers fighting to the death and sacrificing their lives for the country. My maternal grandfather (a graduate of Huangpu Military Academy) was a captain at that time and died in battle during the Battle of Shanghai. Among those figures, there is naturally my maternal grandfather's figure.

  However, although the soldiers were loyal and brave, and their military spirit could be utilized, it was difficult to conceal the fact that the command was not proper (except for the Battle of Xuzhou, which was mainly due to the miscellaneous army).

  I couldn't help but ask: From the 1931 September 18th Incident to the Battle of Shanghai in 1932, for seven years, Japan's intention to invade China was well-known nationwide. Did the National Government make military preparations for this inevitable war?

  Every account emphasizes the disparity in equipment between [**] and the Japanese army, so they can only use the flesh and blood of their soldiers to fight against the Japanese war chariots and artillery. However, where did those Soviet-armed divisions, German-armed divisions go, whose combat effectiveness was not much different from that of the Japanese army? Why are there no signs of these divisions?

  "Is 'A Single Inch of Mountain and River, A Single Drop of Blood' a true account of history or is there something hidden?"

  Episode 15: "The Great Migration"

  From the 918 Incident in Shenyang Beidaying in 1931 to the victory of the Anti-Japanese War in August 1945, China experienced an unprecedented massive migration in human history. The scale of this migration was enormous, the distance was far-reaching, and the time span was extremely long. This massive migration involved more than 10 million people.

  However, the Yellow River's breach of [**] flooded three provinces and created refugees; as well as at least half of the refugees created by Henan's flood, drought, locusts, and soup.

  A common mistake: Sun Yunwen mentioned using a mule to pull a trailer with machinery, but the picture shows a small donkey instead. (Normally, horses or mules are used for pulling carts, not donkeys. Donkeys have smaller bodies and can't withstand long-distance heavy loads, mainly used for riding.)

  The Palace Museum in Taipei's Shilin District has 16,000 boxes of artifacts, all of which are cultural treasures of the Chinese nation.

  "Youth is always the hope of a country, in the ranks of migration, they are the most dazzling and lovely group, but also the most hardworking, simple and lovable group. The preciousness of young people lies in their hearts, where there is endless hope, as long as there is hope, no environment can defeat them. In the flames of war, they grew up together, completing their studies."

  Episode 16: The Battle of Wuhan

  Here is the translation:

  The "Fan Changjiang" mentioned by journalist Ma Shuli was a famous journalist at that time, and later became the president of the Communist Party's official newspaper People's Daily. Ma Shuli later served as the secretary-general of the KMT Central Committee and was also one of the producers of this film.

  The troops were divided into three routes to attack Wuhan, the central route went from Xuzhou along the Huai River to press eastward on Wuhan, the eastern route departed from Nanjing along the southern bank of the Yangtze River and attacked Wuhan from south to north, and the northern route went from Zhengzhou along the Beijing-Hankou railway line to attack Wuhan from north to south.

  When it comes to the strategic terrain near Wuhan, the map reduces the Dabie Mountains and makes the area north of Wuhan a plain. In fact, the Dabie Mountains extend westward to the Tongbai Mountain area, and the main peak is located in the junction of Henan, Hubei, and Anhui provinces, stretching east-west. The western section has a relatively low elevation, mostly between 800-1000m, while the eastern section has a narrow and steep main ridge with a series of peaks over 1000m high, which is the part shown on the map. The Beijing-Guangzhou Railway passes through the western section of the Dabie Mountains, and the Wushengguan railway station at the Henan-Hubei border is located in the mountainous area. The terrain near Wushengguan is treacherous, making it a crucial passage for entering Henan from eastern Hubei, a strategic chokepoint.

  In the film, when explaining the decision to breach the Yellow River dike, it says: "At that time, for [**], these three months were a matter of life and death. Because the North China rì army, if they successfully marched south along the Ping-Han Railway, would first capture Wuhan. Then the [**] jīng elite troops, who were rushing west from southern Anhui, would be annihilated by the two enemy forces advancing from Anqing in the west and Wuhan in the east at the foot of the Dabie Mountains and along the Yangtze River."

  I have a different opinion on this sentence. The mountains near Wushengguan are steep, and the railway and highway pass through several tunnels. Where people dig through the mountain by hand, it is because the terrain is too rugged to make a detour. The enemy's tanks and armored vehicles cannot exert their strength in such terrain, and if they deploy heavy troops at the top of the tunnel and behind the tunnel, it would be extremely difficult to break through head-on.

  Going east from Dongbi, it would have to go around the eastern part of Dabie Mountain, then head south from Hefei to the north bank of the Yangtze River, following the same route as the army that set out from Xuzhou.

  If marching westward, one must first head northeast, following the Tang River, passing through Zaoyang and Suizhou, via Xiaogan, and then press on to Wuhan. The greatest difficulty for an army on this route is logistics.

  So, the main task of the enemy in the northern line offensive is to pin down and annihilate the troops in Henan. Because the troops in the Henan plain are blocked by high mountains on three sides, east, south, and west, it is difficult to escape. Among them, Qiu Qingquan's armored unit had only one railway through Wushengguan at that time, if the mountain tunnel was bombed by Japanese planes, there would be no way to escape.

  In fact, the main force attacking Wuhan was the Japanese army advancing along the Yangtze River. The Japanese army bypassing the Huayang area still attacked westward to Xinyang and did not attack southward into the mountainous areas of [**] troops.

  The two sides of the Battle of Wuhan had a total strength of: [**] 117 divisions, with a total strength of over 11 million people. The Japanese army had nine divisions, one brigade, and one detachment, with around 350,000 to 400,000 people, while the actual number of troops on the front line was over 2 million, and the strategic reserve force was 1.5 million.

  This time, lessons have been learned from Nanjing, and unrelated personnel must be evacuated first.

  Okamura's 106th Division and the Hata detachment fought from Anqing to Lakekou for a month, it should be said that they fought quite well. However, the old soldiers' memories are a different story. In De'an, Xue Yue's "Ba Zi" formation, 2 and a half months, annihilated over 30,000 enemy troops from the 101st and 106th Divisions (according to mainland records, it was over 10,000 people).

  The Battle of Wuhan annihilated over 1,070,000 enemy troops and inflicted casualties of over 2,250,000. The ratio of 3.6:1 in the Shanghai Campaign has been greatly improved.

  This campaign is recorded slightly differently on the continent, but the number of enemy killed and wounded are in agreement.

  Here, the scene of soldiers scraping mud and straw from tank tracks reappears in "The Battle of Changsha".

  Episode 17: "Wartime Culture"

  "Fighting Spirit Song"

  Fiery passion surges forth

  Fiery passion surges forth

  Like waves in the river

  Like waves in the sea

  Always on my mind

  Is it just because of unavenged shame?

  Difficult to dispel resentment

  Four hundred million compatriots!

  Shed your hot blood?

  Remove violence?

  "Song of Defiance Against the Enemy"

  The Splendid Rivers and Mountains

  Who is the protagonist?

  We four hundred million compatriots

  Are strong enemies invading and being cruel and violent?

  Will swift revenge be taken on eternal enemies?

  Can a home be broken?

  What is the national protection?

  Can you kill me?

  Unyielding determination

  United as one heart and one power

  Will you risk your head for the sake of the country?

  This song is stirring, but it's hard to sing along to.

  I tried singing it a few times, and I feel that the two sentences "strong enemy invades and brutalizes, quickly unite to fight against the enemy forever" are quite difficult to sing clearly.

  "The March of the Volunteers"

  Get up!

  People who don't want to be slaves!

  Put our flesh and blood

  Build our new Great Wall!

  Has the Chinese nation arrived?

  At the most dangerous moment, ?

  Everyone is forced to let out their final roar!

  Get up!

  Get up! ?

  Get up!

  We stand united as one.

  Under the enemy's gunfire

  Go ahead, ?

  Under the enemy's gunfire

  Forward!

  Forward!

  Forward! Advance!!?

  Defend the Yellow River

  The wind is howling.

  The horse is neighing.

  The Yellow River is roaring.

  The Yellow River is roaring.

  The western hills rise high for ten thousand feet.

  The millet on both sides of the river is ripe.

  Amongst the myriad mountains

  There aren't many true heroes!

  In the green silk tent

  Guerrilla warfare is magnificent!

  Picked up the native and foreign guns

  Wielding large knives and long spears,

  Defend our hometown!

  Defend the Yellow River!

  Defend North China!

  Defend all of China!

  The Air Force March

  Die for the Air Force?

  Embracing the country and stretching one's will

  Soaring through the skies above Kunlun

  Looking out over the Pacific Ocean

  Looking at the majestic passes and strongholds of the Five Peaks and Three Rivers

  Beautiful brocade river mountain

  Shining with an invincible fleet of machines?

  Cherish the memory of martyrs

  Don't let down the hardships of entrepreneurship

  The prosperity of our country depends on the people of the Air Force.

  Comrades work hard, work hard?

  Is Arrow Brave and Hardworking?

  May the imperial reign be prosperous for ten thousand generations?

  No matter how you look at it, this "Air Force March" doesn't seem like a song from the War of Resistance against Japan, but rather an air force song from Japan itself. Especially the line "Guó zǔ huáng huáng wàn shì róng", if not explained, most people would probably think it's from Japan.

  Wang Jue recalled: "I remember Zhou Enlai telling us a sentence, that the Nationalist Party did not understand the importance of literature and art, nor did they know how to use it. This sentence, honestly speaking, is still echoing in my mind today."

  Remove those attacking words. We can see how this film verifies the correctness of Zhou Enlai's words with images.

  In a scene of a painting, two soldiers are writing slogans on the wall, which reads: ...team is the people's team.

  Everyone, guess which unit does the soldier who wrote the slogan belong to?

  At that time, whose troops were deliberately proclaimed as the people's troops?

  Tao Dianya recalled: At that time, there was a very famous street play called "Put Down Your Whip".

  Wang Jue recalled: I remember one time, it seemed to be [Put Down Your Whip], the actors were no longer acting, they all revealed their true feelings, and acted so that the ordinary people actually picked up their clubs and wanted to hit the actor.

  Jiang Yu also said: ... [Put down your whip], I've played this before.

  This street drama is a masterpiece of the Propaganda Department, and when it comes to anti-war literature and art, it focuses on this street drama "Put Down Your Whip". It can be seen that its influence runs deep.

  [Put Down Your Whip] first appeared in Shanxi, later spreading to North China, Shandong and Jiangsu-Zhejiang. It was performed throughout the occupied areas and surrounding war zones, but banned in the southwest and other regions.

  Wang Jue's memoirs say that the common people actually picked up their clubs and wanted to go beat up the actor. In fact, there was also an incident where soldiers under the stage opened fire and killed the actor playing the landlord on stage.

  In terms of the plot, the one holding the whip and hitting people is the landlord, while the ones being hit are poor peasants. The political appeal in the play is: put down your whip, don't hit your own people, let's work together to beat the Japanese devils.

  In fact, the play also contains deeper political overtones. [**] has always positioned himself as a representative of poor peasants, and had carried out land reform in the Soviet area. The Nationalist Party was opposed to land reform and was seen as representing the interests of the landlord class. Therefore, the political impact of this play was that soldiers from poor peasant backgrounds in the Nationalist army were unwilling to point their guns at [**].

  Considering this film as a typical drama of the Anti-Japanese War period, you have to admit that "the Nationalist Party did not understand the importance of literature and art" and the ferocity of cultural propaganda work.

  "At that time, emotions were extremely high, the mood of resistance was first, so everyone didn't care about material aspects at all."

  After the show, a group of old ladies looked at the lyrics and sang [The March of the Big Knife]. I don't deny that they had heard this song before, but if you say that at that time, they often sang this song, I absolutely do not believe it. Because this song is very easy to remember, I am tone deaf, there are only a few songs that I can sing, but I can sing [The March of the Big Knife] completely without looking at the lyrics.

  Postscript: ?

  "Put Down Your Whip" Author?

  Lü Jiāo

  Born in April 1909, died in January 2002. From Xiangtan, Hunan. Communist Party member.

  Arrived in Yan'an in 1937 to participate in the preparation of the Lu Xun Art Academy. Went to Northeast China in 1945 to work. After the founding of New China, worked at the Central Conservatory of Music. Created many vocal works including "Put Down Your Whip", "The Spirit of Freedom", "The Military and Political University of Resistance Against Japan School Song", "Opening up Wasteland", "The Great Dan River", "Phoenix Nirvana" and "Ode to the Motherland". Published "Collection of Essays on Folk Music".

  Formerly served as Vice President of Lu Xun Academy of Art, Vice President of Zhong Yang Music Academy, Chairman and Honorary Chairman of China Musicians Association.

  Finally ending this section with the lyrics of "May's Flower".

  The flowers of May have bloomed all over the fields

  Fresh flowers covered the martyrs' blood

  In order to save this dying nation

  They had fought tenaciously without rest.

  It has been four years since Northeast China fell.

  We suffer every day, what's the point of it all?

  Lost his temper and lost his rice bowl too

  Enduring the ruthless lash with humiliation.

  The enemy's iron hooves have crossed the Great Wall

  The Central Plains still sing and dance in peace

  "Good-neighborly friendship" ah base surrender, ?

  Forget about the country, forget about us.

  Can't hold back this indignation anymore

  We have been expecting this angry roar

  The cry startled this unfortunate group

  The oppressed unite and strike!

  The cry startled this unfortunate group

  The oppressed unite and strike!

  Episode 18: "The Fiery Peach Blossom Plunder"

  The Southwest Associated University School Song

  The Long March of ten thousand miles is ended, and we have arrived at the Five Holy Mountains.

  A temporary halt, and Mount Heng's Xiang River has become a farewell!

  The thorough removal of old roots and replacement with fresh soil of good quality.

  The nine states are stained with the blood of the common people.

  The flute blows and the strings sing, what is it saying?

  In the mountain city, love is deep...

  Anti-Japanese Military and Political University School Song

  On the banks of the Yellow River

  Gathering a group of people

  Descendants of the great Chinese nation.

  Human liberation, ?

  The responsibility of saving the country

  It all depends on ourselves.

  Classmates,

  Strive to learn, united, tense, serious and lively, our style!

  Classmates?

  Work hard, okay?

  Arduous struggle, heroic sacrifice, our tradition!

  Like the Yellow River's waters, surging and overflowing,

  Expel the Japanese invaders from our country's eastern territories!

  Towards a new society

  Forward! Forward!?

  We are the vanguard of the working class.

  The film says: In Yan'an, [**]'s education policy and zhōng yāng are south and north. Their Anti-Japanese University and Lu Xun Art Academy both aim to compete for young resources and store talents for the revolution. It's natural that there is no such thing as a free academic style. But [**] has done a good job of packaging, so it also attracts many young people.

  The educational policy of [**] is indeed to cultivate talents for the revolution, to defeat the Japanese invaders and establish a new China. [**] is not just well-packaged, but actually done in a down-to-earth manner. In the Anti-Japanese Military and Political University, heavyweight figures personally took on teaching roles. [**] served as Chairman of the Education Committee and Political Commissar, [**] served as President, and Liu Bocheng served as Vice-President.

  What kind of school is the Anti-Japanese Military and Political University?

  The Anti-Japanese Military and Political University, Huangpu Military Academy, and the Army University belong to the same category of schools. The difference is that the Anti-Japanese Military and Political University not only cultivates military personnel but also trains political personnel (government officials). I don't know if Huangpu Military Academy and the Army University have the same academic style as Zhongyang University and Southwest Associated University.

  As for Yan'an Lu Xun, it was an art academy. Without the spirit of independence, how could there be woodcuts that stood out nationwide during the War of Resistance? If someone collects woodcuts from the War of Resistance period, I dare say about 80% come from Yan'an Lu Xun. The students' small drama performances were also the most lively.

  The comparison in the film is inappropriate and constitutes a deliberate distortion of historical facts.

  Is West Point's academic freedom obviously inferior to MIT's? Does it prove that the education at West Point is distorted?

  If a comparison is to be made, it should be between military academies and other military academies; or art academies and other art academies.

  Since this film is about education, I'll add something about Yan'an's education.

  This involves Yan'an's position in the War of Resistance.

  Yan'an, as the rear of the Eighth Route Army, did not send a single grain or bullet to the front line during the War of Resistance. What Yan'an sent out were people, who had received military and political education, and these people formed the backbone of the fighting forces on the North China battlefield.

  The Anti-Japanese Military and Political University (abbreviated as Kangda) was formerly known as the Red Army Anti-Japanese University.

  In June 1936, it was founded in Wayaobu, Shaanbei. After the Xi'an Incident was peacefully resolved and the national united front against Japan took shape, to adapt to the new task of training cadres for the nationwide resistance against Japan, the school's name was changed from "Red Academy" to "Resistance Academy", and its location moved with the Party Central Committee to Yan'an.

  The educational guideline set by the Anti-Japanese University is "to firmly establish a correct political direction, to have a hardworking and simple work style, and to be flexible and mobile in strategy and tactics". (This was the inscription for the founding of the third period alumni association of the Anti-Japanese University, Selected Educational Materials from the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region.)

  The school motto of Kangda is "Unity, Tension, Seriousness and Vigor".

  Leaders of the Communist Party often went to Yan'an to give lectures, and many famous works such as "The Strategic Problems of China's Revolutionary War", "On Practice" and "On Contradiction" were all lectures given to students at the Academy.

  At that time, there were also many famous professors and scholars teaching at the Anti-Japanese University, such as Ai Siqi, He Sijing, Xu Maoyong, etc.

  The main courses of the Anti-Japanese Military and Political University include political education, cultural education and military technical education. The main principles of teaching are "more emphasis on quality rather than quantity", "equal importance to theory and practice" and "equal importance to military affairs and politics".

  Apart from studying, the students also actively participated in production and construction. The third batch of students opened up more than 170 caves within less than half a month, solving the problem of classrooms and dormitories for nearly 2,000 people on campus, and built a 3,000-meter-long "Anti-Japanese Highway". In 1939, the students of Anti-Japanese University reclaimed over 17,000 mu of wasteland and produced over 1 million catties of grain within one year.

  "University in the Flames of War", People's Education Press 1982 edition, page 40.

  In Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region, schools with greater influence also include:

  Shaanbei Gongxue, a school for training administrative cadres, people's movement cadres and cultural work cadres.

  Lu Xun Art Academy for training anti-Japanese war art cadres

  Yan'an University, which was merged from Shaanbei Gongxue

  A medical university for cultivating medical talents

  Military Academy for fostering military talents

  National colleges for training national cadres etc.

  In the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Border Region there were the Anti-Japanese War and Nation-Building College and the Bethune Medical School.

  From a three-dimensional space of politics, economy and military, the situation on the North China battlefield is viewed. [**] Organized various civilian groups to form a tight social system, anti-Japanese resistance was like roots in this system, continuously providing logistical support to the fighting troops. The people sent out from Yan'an were the foundation for making this framework operate efficiently.

  Yan'an holds an important position in China's modern history as it is the source of China's new-born forces.

  Here is the translation:

  Below I will excerpt a speech from the Anti-Japanese University, and also let Taiwanese netizens understand what kind of school the Anti-Japanese University is, and compare it with the Whampoa Military Academy.

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  What should be learned from the Anti-Japanese War?

  April 9, 1938

  All of you students do not avoid hardships, from very far away, traveling through wind and dust to come here to study. This kind of spirit, this kind of determination is very good... Your time studying here is very short, only a few months, you can't learn many things, unlike other universities where you can study for several years. But you can learn one thing, one very important thing, that is to learn a motto, this motto is also the motto of the entire Chinese nation - resist Japan and save the country. This is our school's overall direction, it is also the demand of all the people in the country. Specifically speaking, you should learn the following things here:

  First, you must learn a correct political direction. There are many different directions in politics, and you must learn the correct one, which is how to defeat imperialism and why it can be defeated. Second, you must learn a work style that can achieve and complete this political direction - a work style of hard struggle. You must have this style to achieve and complete the above-mentioned political direction. Third, you must learn some strategic and tactical knowledge. The Anti-Japanese Military and Political University is a military school, and you must learn how to be a soldier and acquire some military skills... In short, what you need to learn here are: a firm and correct political direction, a work style of hard struggle, and flexible strategies and tactics. With these three things, we will finally defeat the enemy. This is the first point.

  Second, you are here to learn how to be cadres. Being a cadre alone cannot defeat the enemy, and without cadres, it is also impossible to defeat the enemy. Cadres must mobilize and organize the broad masses of people, transforming tens of thousands of people into organized troops; without organization, there would be no strength to defeat imperialism, and it would be impossible to have such a large organized force.

  You should mobilize and organize the masses, whether in the front or rear, from both political and military perspectives. You must grasp the correct political direction firmly, disseminate this political direction among the broad masses of people, educate them, and organize them... so that they all understand how China can defeat the enemy and make this political direction the national political direction.

  At the same time, you should also promote a work style of arduous struggle, making the broad masses of people steadfastly and unwaveringly fight against any difficulty. You must educate the entire nation, making them unafraid of difficulties and able to overcome them, which will certainly lead to the defeat of imperialism.

  You should also use flexible strategies and tactics to educate the broad masses of people, so that they all know how to fight against imperialism. Organizing the entire nation and training the entire nation depends on you cadres. Therefore, secondly, you must learn how to be cadres.

  Third, you must make another decision. You have come from afar to Yan'an to study, and I think you already have the determination. What determination is that? There are no opportunities for promotion or wealth in Yan'an, so you didn't come here for those reasons. Then why did you travel so far to get here? Undoubtedly, it's to resist Japan and save the country, so you have the determination to resist Japan and save the country.

  Now you have the determination to eat millet rice and climb Qingliang Mountain, but in the future, you will still need to "pull the cow's tail" (face hardships). The difficulties on the road of resistance war are many, and you must make a greater determination - not to fear any hardship and move forward! The resistance war is a protracted war, not something that can be solved in a year or two. Moreover, we will also need to build a new China in the future.

  You must fight for the liberation of the Chinese nation, for the construction of a new China, and never retreat. You must bravely move forward and resolutely struggle for the 450 million compatriots across the country! Not for yourself, but for the 450 million compatriots; not for your own family, but for the families of the 450 million compatriots - sacrifice everything.

  So the first determination is to sacrifice promotion, the second determination is to sacrifice wealth, and the third determination must be made - to sacrifice one's life! Now you have the initial determination to sacrifice promotion, wealth, eating millet rice, and climbing Qingliang Mountain, but it's not enough without the final determination. You must also have the determination to sacrifice your life for the 450 million compatriots!

  At that time, a student at Zhongyang University, Wang Zuorong said: We also knew which classmates were [**], and which classmates sympathized with [**]. So everyone admired them, saying that they were progressive people. These are the kind of people who have a share. If you say it's the Nationalist Party, everyone will scold them. This is really a kind of prejudice.

  Why is there such a bias among students at Zhongyang University? The film doesn't say.

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