Materials "One Inch" altered history (seven)

  "Distorting History in 'A Foot of Mountain and River, A Foot of Blood'" [Repost from Tiexue Forum]

  hcxy2000's words before reposting: ?

  It's a pity that due to certain reasons, there has already been debate in the book review about the contributions of the KMT and CPC during the War of Resistance. The author's point is very clear: among the people who resisted Japan, there were only Chinese people, only descendants of the Huaxia nation, with no distinction between political parties!

  To fight a war of resistance, it is necessary to strengthen oneself. With Chairman [**] as the leader, the [**] people seized the opportunity, and history and the people chose the [**] people!

  Always remember, it is history and the people who choose [**]!

  This article is what the author saw on the Tiexue Forum. The vast majority of views in it I agree with. These views can fully answer the questions that the KMT has been complaining about recently.

  For the above reasons, please be prepared to re-post about this debate content reader note. If your point of view has been refuted in this post, I will not hesitate to delete your book review.

  Once again, I agree with most of the views in this article, but not all of them.

  This article comes from Tiexue Forum, thanks to the re-poster Anyitian.

  Darkness before dawn

  Our army is replenished with new blood. The Japanese army launches a surprise attack?

  September 1942 - June 1934

  The time span is nearly two years. During this period, China's domestic disasters were frequent, and the two sides did not engage in large-scale battles. The Japanese army mainly engaged in plundering materials, and repeatedly carried out brutal mopping-up operations in the occupied areas and their edges. These areas were all anti-Japanese bases, so during this period, the main task of fighting against Japan was undertaken by the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army - mopping up and counter-mopping up.

  During this period, [**] on the one hand fought a war of attrition, and on the other hand worked hard to restore economic production and people's livelihoods.

  However, in the Kuomintang-controlled areas, they failed to seize this favorable opportunity to actively rest and recover, restore economic production. The trend of land annexation became more and more intense, agricultural production declined year by year, and inflation not only could not be curbed but instead expanded rapidly.

  "Some people think that China's victory in the War of Resistance against Japan was a gift from the United States and other Western powers, and that it was only because of their support that we were able to achieve our final victory. This statement is not only unfair, but also constitutes a great insult and disrespect to the heroic spirits of those soldiers who died in battle and to the unyielding will of the entire nation during the five years of arduous fighting.

  Consider this: if China had not resolutely fought to the end, it would have been impossible for the United States to have achieved its goals in the Pacific War. At least, they would have had to pay an even heavier price. This account cannot be simply erased."

  It is unfair to blame Stilwell for the losses of the Chinese Expeditionary Force. The Sun Li-jen troops who entered India under Stilwell's orders suffered minor losses, while the Du Yuming troops who followed Chiang Kai-shek's orders lost more than half in the Battle of Mount Satyr, was it also Stilwell's fault?

  November 1933, Changde Campaign

  Japanese army: 39 divisions, 58 divisions, 13 divisions, 3 divisions, 116 divisions, 68 divisions, and another 4 brigades plus 1 puppet army division and directly affiliated troops, totaling over 600,000 people. So many numbers added together are only over 600,000 people. It can be seen that the Japanese army is already in a precarious situation.

  Changde belongs to the 6th War Zone, with the 59th and 77th Armies of the 33rd Army Group; the 73rd and 44th Armies of the 29th Army Group; the 32nd and 75th Armies of the 26th Army Group; the 79th and 66th Armies of the 10th Army Group; the 86th, 30th, and 18th Armies of the Jiang Defense Army; and the 74th and 100th Armies directly under the War Zone. (The narrator mentions that there are 14 armies with troops, which may be incorrect.)

  Goodness, there are 13 armies, nearly 400,000 people. The Japanese army actually dared to attack with 60,000 people, it's really unbearable. Among them: Wang Yaowu's 74th Army, Shi Zhongcheng's 100th Army is a well-known [**] elite, Luo Guangwen's 18th Army and Chi Fengcheng's 30th Army are also battle-hardened troops.

  On the 14th, the 13th Division broke through the defenses of the 10th and 29th Armies, attacking the rear of the 73rd and 44th Armies, and captured Taoyuan. The 3rd Division attacked the defensive line of the 73rd Army on the 3rd. On the 11th, the 116th and 68th Divisions broke through the defenses and rushed to Changde. The garrison of Changde, the 57th Division of the 74th Army (the elite division), fought a bloody battle with over 10,000 troops and two divisions of Japanese forces, suffering heavy casualties after 11 days and nights of fighting. When they broke out of the encirclement, only over 300 men were left. Changde fell on December 5th.

  At this time, the 13th Division of the Japanese army was stationed in Taoyuan, and the 116th Division and the 68th Division were stationed in Changde. The 18th Army, 79th Army, 73rd Army, 74th Army, 100th Army, the 10th Army from the 9th War Zone, the 99th Army, and the 58th Army from Jiangxi formed a counter-encirclement against the Japanese army. Fang Xianjue's 10th Army took the lead in biting into the Japanese army, cutting off their supplies, and finally the Japanese army withdrew from the battlefield on the 13th.

  The 57th Division held out for 11 days, fighting fiercely against two divisions of the enemy, creating a very favorable situation for our side. Unfortunately, the 8 armies were unable to annihilate one of the enemy's divisions, and the troops on the battlefield did not receive timely support from the 10th Army of the 9th War Zone. If it is said that they cannot fight, then this is clearly not true, as the 57th Division is a clear example; if it is said that they can fight, then with the strength of 8 armies, they should have been able to annihilate one of the enemy's divisions. It is really unclear whether they can fight or not.

  Episode 35: "Heavenly Tears and Ghosts Protect the Balance of Yang"

  Hengyang Garrison received US military artillery list:

  Type 37 anti-aircraft gun

  75mm mountain gun 6 pieces

  Mortar 26 doors

  These few cannons will make the devils suffer. Those who died under these cannons include: Ri, the commander of the 68th Division, Lieutenant General Sakuma Koji, Chief of Staff Hara Shinzō, and the commander of the 57th Brigade, Shimohara Yoshirō.

  "In fact, during the fourth Changsha Battle, a very serious shortage of troops had already emerged. With the Jingying Division being transferred south to support the Yunnan-Burma battlefield, the actual strength of the Changsha garrison at that time was difficult to compare with the second and third battles. This is at least one of the main reasons for the fall of Changsha."

  The shortage of soldiers is not actually due to the untimely replenishment of soldiers, but the government has already made great efforts to ensure that the soldiers are well-fed. The main reason for the shortage of soldiers is that officers cruelly abused soldiers in order to eat empty salaries, resulting in death or desertion.

  The Japanese army deployed 10 divisions, with a total ground force of over 362,000 people.

  The Chinese forces that participated in the battle were the 30th, 27th and 1st Army Groups of the Ninth War Zone, totaling around 10 corps and nearly 30 divisions, plus an engineer corps, two special duty brigades, one artillery brigade and local security regiments, etc., with a total strength of approximately 400,000 men.

  "Because in the Battle of Changsha, our army was dispersed by the absolutely superior enemy who came to attack."

  Note: It's not scattered, but dispersed. Dispersal means that the combat effectiveness is not greatly damaged and can quickly regroup. If it cannot regroup, it indicates that the army has no fighting spirit.

  Rebuilding command systems in a chaotic situation is no easy task.

  When the command system has not suffered a major blow and the loss of senior officers does not exceed 20%, the staff officers of each department can be supplemented, and the reconstruction of the command system should be completed within half a month. If it cannot be done...

  "Although the troops of Wang Lingji and Yang Sen had fierce battles with the enemy on both the Chaling and Liling lines, they still could not stop the sharp offensive of the Japanese army. Hengyang was finally surrounded, [**] these troops were isolated from the Japanese army's encirclement circle and never managed to extend a helping hand to the garrison troops. This made Hengyang like an isolated city."

  Why can't we counter-encircle like Taierzhuang, or make a mobile attack on the periphery, such as cutting off enemy supplies, to reduce the pressure on the defenders of Hengyang?

  On June 24, the first attack was launched. The defenders of Hengyang had over 17,000 troops, while the Japanese army's 68th and 116th divisions had over 30,000 soldiers. After a bloody battle that lasted for 7 days and nights, the enemy lay dead all over the fields. On July 2, the Japanese army retreated. On July 11, they returned with renewed force. On July 18, the Japanese army stopped its attack once again. Hengshan had no choice but to deploy three more divisions, so the attacking Japanese forces consisted of the 68th division, 116th division, 58th division, 13th division and 40th division, totaling nearly 110,000 soldiers. This was unprecedented in Chinese military history. On August 3, the Japanese army gathered its strength and launched a general attack. On August 8, the Battle of Hengyang ended.

  The casualties of the Japanese army were over 19,000. More than 13,300 officers and soldiers from Hengyang were captured, and more than 4,700 were killed in action. (This time we won)

  Looking at the entire defensive campaign of the "Number One War", [**] fought without any rules or discipline.

  In February 1944, the National Military Council convened the fourth Southern Anhui military conference attended by the main generals of the third, fourth, sixth, seventh and ninth war zones. At the meeting, Chiang Kai-shek first proposed a preliminary idea for a strategic counterattack on the anti-Japanese battlefield. He said: "Our resistance war has been through five years of struggle and sacrifice, and today it has reached a new turning point. The second phase of our resistance war is about to end, and the third phase of our resistance war is about to begin." He argued that "the enemy has only six armies in our country, while we have 120 armies to fight against them, with 20 armies facing one enemy army", and that we have an absolute advantage in numbers. From the battlefield situation, "with the current enemy's front line being so wide, with large gaps, weak forces and declining morale, if we really want to attack it at a certain point, we can attack it at that point." Therefore, "the future war situation has completely changed, and we are now in a dominant position. We must take the initiative everywhere and adopt an offensive strategy, while the enemy is forced to retreat and defend itself." The conditions for launching a strategic counterattack have been met, Chiang said: "In May and June this year, our first, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh and ninth war zones will definitely launch a counterattack." Due to the possibility of encountering two different situations, the counterattack operation "must prepare two different plans", one is to prepare to resist the enemy's possible pre-emptive attack, and the other is to launch a counterattack on our own initiative. Chiang Kai-shek proposed that if the enemy launches an attack first, our army will not only use its main force to resist the enemy head-on but also mobilize two elite armies in each war zone to launch a pre-emptive strike against the enemy's major cities, as a precursor to a strategic counterattack. According to plan, the ninth war zone would counterattack Wuhan, the sixth war zone would counterattack Yichang, and the fifth war zone would counterattack Hankou. If "the enemy does not attack first, and we have completed our preparations by May and June, we must launch a counterattack openly and honestly".

  (The quoted texts are from "The Fourth Southern Mountain Military Conference Speech", (Chiang's Collected Works), pp. 1484-1485.)

  According to Chiang's strategic deployment, on May 27th, when the Japanese army launched the Changsha-Hengyang Campaign, [**] had also basically completed preparations for a strategic counterattack. Even if the counterattack in the Ninth War Zone was preemptively broken by the Japanese army, the strategic counterattacks in the Fifth and Sixth War Zones should still be carried out according to plan. The situation on the battlefield should be that the Japanese army cannot take care of both its head and tail at the same time. How could they have fought a 47-day siege battle in Hengyang? Did Mr. Chiang talk nonsense at the Nanyue Military Conference?

  Looking again at the Changping Campaign, there were numerous military command errors and incompetence.

  1. Reinforce Hengyang, but hesitant to advance?

  At that time, the 8 armies gathered on the outskirts of Hengyang had a total strength of over 1 million men. Although Chiang Kai-shek ordered them to reinforce, Deputy Chief of Staff Bai Chongxi even went to Guilin to coordinate and command, but each unit was still hesitant to advance. Among them, only the 62nd Army fought bravely, reaching the southern suburbs and western station of Hengyang, but under the heavy attack of the Japanese army, the reinforcement troops were isolated on a single road, suffering heavy casualties, and quickly retreated in defeat.

  On August 7, the enemy suddenly entered the city, and the defending army launched a fierce street battle. Fang Xianzhu cabled Chiang Kai-shek: "I swear to die for the party and the country, and I urge all soldiers to fulfill their duties." Chiang replied: "The reinforcements will arrive in Hengyang tomorrow, and there will be no delay," and that night he "prayed to God three times". On August 8, Hengyang finally fell. If on August 8, [**] launched an attack outside the city of Hengyang, making one part of the enemy subject to pincer attacks from both front and rear, Commander Fang Xianzhu would not have surrendered to the enemy with his troops.

  It should be said that holding out for 47 days was a precious opportunity to reverse the initial losses. If we can take advantage of the exhaustion of the enemy's army and the 10th Army, concentrate our elite troops to launch a surprise attack, although we cannot annihilate the enemy completely, we can also greatly damage the enemy's morale, so that the enemy will not be able to easily capture Guilin and Liu Zhou in the future.

  2. Strategic and tactical mistakes?

  The Battle of Hengyang, the Japanese army was quick to decide, but twice because of the exhaustion of ammunition and stopped, it can be seen that the supply is difficult. The 10th Army also ran out of ammunition in the first battle, on July 11, when the Japanese army attacked again, there were sufficient ammunition for defense, showing that they could get powerful airdrop supplies.

  "The battle to break through the southern and northern continents was not an easy fight for Ri. Due to the elite troops being dispatched to the south, the combat effectiveness of Ri's army in China decreased, and the number of soldiers was insufficient. It was only with great difficulty that they were able to make up for this by recruiting new soldiers from within Ri and China. A more serious problem was that air superiority was in the hands of the US Air Force. As a result, Ri's military supplies were attacked, and food, weapons, ammunition, uniforms, and other necessities were often in short supply, forcing them to march at night." "History of China's War of Resistance Against Japan" [Ri] Ishizuka Koji p. 129

  It can be seen that the biggest weakness of the Japanese army lies in the difficulty of supplies. If we attack its weaknesses in strategic decision-making, we should be able to effectively curb its offensive.

  How to attack the enemy's supply line?

  The Japanese army was divided into three routes, with the left wing consisting of the 3rd and 13th divisions advancing south from Xiangyang in Hubei Province, forming front and rear echelons to attack along the western side of the Mufu Mountains; the central route consisted of the 60th and 116th divisions, which forced a crossing of the Xinwan River in northern Hunan in six separate columns; the right wing, consisting of the 40th division, moved out from Huaxian and Shishou; after crossing Dongting Lake, they landed and engaged in combat. Clearly, the Japanese army's supply lines were the Yuehan Railway and adjacent highways.

  This supply line passes through Shengyang, Hubei Province, and crosses the Mufu Mountains. The three counties in this area (Shengyang, Tongcheng, and Tongshan) are all mountainous regions with more than 10 peaks above 1,000 meters, making it an excellent guerrilla warfare zone. If at the beginning of the Changheng Campaign, the 189th Division of the 84th Army [**] advancing south to Shengyang, Tongcheng, and Tongshan from east of Wuhan could use guerrilla tactics to conduct a transportation sabotage war in this area.

  Subsequently, the 27th or 30th Army Corps, which reassembled in the middle section of Mufu Mountain west of Pingjiang, did not move south but north to reinforce the 189th Division and control Xiangyang. Taking advantage of the rugged terrain to slow down and consume the enemy's strength, pinning down the reserve troops (estimated to be the 34th and 39th Divisions) on the Changsha-Yueyang line, and regaining the initiative in the battle, it is possible to create a favorable opportunity for Wang Yaowu's elite army.

  When the Japanese army attacked Hengyang with the 68th Division, 116th Division, 58th Division, 40th Division and 13th Division, its eastern side was guarded by the 3rd Division to hold back the 27th (or 30th) Army; Wang Yaowu's army group and other troops, under air cover (at that time, except for Hengyang, other airports were still in our hands), directly attacked the Japanese 40th Division on the west side, not allowing it to approach Hengyang. Because this division came from the waterway, its heavy equipment must be limited, and there was no second echelon behind it. If the 40th Division could not be blocked, then tactical maneuvering should be used to search for and annihilate isolated Japanese troops.

  If we can deploy in this way, even if the strategic counterattack of the 5th and 6th war zones cannot start on schedule, it will still be possible to make the Changheng campaign a stalemate, thus exhausting the enemy's attacking strength. If the strategic counterattack of the 5th and 6th war zones can unfold as scheduled, then the battlefield situation will necessarily turn in our favor.

  Fang Xianjue's 10th Army defended Hengyang for 47 days. Why did such a brave and good general become a lieutenant general for nearly 20 years, from 1949 to 1968?

  Episode 36: "Invisible Frontline"

  This episode mainly talks about wartime intelligence work.

  Episode 37: "Madame Chiang and Wartime Women"

  The whole set is 29 minutes long. Due to damage, it can only be played up to 26 minutes. These 26 minutes are all praises for Madame Chiang - Soong Mei-ling.

  It is undeniable that Madame Chiang made outstanding contributions during the War of Resistance against Japan. However, as for the title of this collection, it does not fully reflect the important contributions made by Chinese women during the Anti-Japanese War.

  Regarding women's work during the Anti-Japanese War period in the Kuomintang-controlled areas, a glimpse can be seen on the Hunan Women's Website.

  Regarding the achievements of Chinese women on the North China battlefield in resisting the Japanese invasion. If you search for "Hong Niang" (a term used to refer to female heroes), you can find a large number of them. In fact, their stories are just a small part of the countless achievements of women who fought against the war. They were the mothers of the people's army. Just as in ancient Greek mythology, the hero Antaeus was invincible because he had the earth as his mother, giving him strength, so too did the army become unbeatable because it had a mother - the people - who gave them wisdom and power.

  According to the Pingyin County Annals, during the Anti-Japanese War, more than 9,000 young members of the Salvation Army and over 20,000 children's team members held large knives and long spears at road junctions and major transportation routes, standing guard and checking pedestrians, transmitting intelligence; More than 30,000 women and 7,000 sister team members milled rice, ground flour, baked pancakes, and sent them to the troops. At night, they rushed to make military uniforms, shoes, socks, and comfort bags. In Zhengjiayu Village, the Women's Salvation Army member Yuan Guangtian made 18 pairs of military shoes in just one month. Under her leadership, the whole village produced 280 pairs of military shoes per month for the front line.

  In the battle history of the 115th Division of the Eighth Route Army, there is also a record of local women covering and treating wounded soldiers of the Eighth Route Army during the "Lu Fang Battle".

  The Battle of Lufang was a breakout battle fought on May 11, 1939, by the 115th Division of the Eighth Route Army in the Taihang Mountains base area of Shandong Province. The enemy had over 8,000 troops and more than 100 artillery pieces, surrounding over 5,000 people from the headquarters of the 115th Division of the Eighth Route Army, its directly affiliated units, logistics units, organs of the Taihang region, and the government agencies of the Luliang area in the Lufang area. The combat troops of our army were two regiments of the 686th Regiment, the special operations regiment of the division headquarters (a total of three regular regiments), the Jinpu detachment (guerrilla unit), and the 7th Regiment of the Jilu Border Region (local force).

  Lufang Village is located in the hilly area at the foot of Mount Tai, and it is a village under Anlin Station Town, Feicheng County. The village is situated in a mountainous basin with more than 10 surrounding villages, stretching about 5 miles wide from east to west and over 10 miles long from north to south. It is surrounded by mountains on all sides: the western side is Fèi Zhu Shan (Fat Pig Mountain), the northwest side is Huáng Tǔ Lǐng (Yellow Earth Ridge), the northern side is Fèng Huáng Shān (Phoenix Mountain), the northeast side is Dōng Shān Lǐng (East Mountain Ridge, 368 meters high), the eastern side is Há Mǎ Shān (Crab Mountain) and Cháng Shān (Constant Mountain), the southeast side is Wàng Lǔ Shān (Looking for Deer Mountain), the southern side is Jiū Shān (Old Mountain), and the southwest side is Xiǎo Shān (Little Mountain). These mountains are of varying heights, with an average elevation of about 300-400 meters above the plain.

  The 115th Division defended the mountain and fought fiercely with the enemy for a whole day. At night, under the leadership of the villagers, they took small roads, escaped in the dark, and broke through the siege. In this battle, more than 1,300 enemy soldiers were killed or wounded, while our army suffered over 340 casualties.

  After the Eighth Route Army broke through the siege, the Japanese army went crazy and bombarded the villagers in Lufang area, burning down hundreds of houses and killing 126 innocent villagers, trying to find out where our army was going. The people of Lufang would rather have their homes destroyed and their loved ones die than hide the wounded soldiers of the Eighth Route Army, 78 of whom were hidden by them at the risk of their lives. Except for 5 who died due to serious injuries, all the others recovered and returned to their troops. Many women regarded the Eighth Route Army soldiers as brothers or husbands, and six elderly women regarded the soldiers as sons, not a single wounded soldier was captured by the Japanese invaders.

  The story of "Wanliu"?

  January 4, 1941, was the beginning of a tragic fate for little "Wanliu", who was not yet one year old. Chiang Kai-shek ordered the New Fourth Army to cross the Yangtze River within a time limit in order to achieve his sinister purpose of weakening [**] during the war of resistance. Wanliu's parents, one from the civilian affairs department of the New Fourth Army and the other from the battlefield service team, were both going north with their troops. Due to the tense situation, they could not take their crying daughter with them. It was a cold and windy night, and Wanliu's mother came to her hometown for the last time, hugged Wanliu tightly, kissed her hard, and tears fell on her small white face. "Mom is sorry, stay at grandma's house, listen to her..." She took out a photo album, a blanket, some books, and some pocket money, and bowed deeply to the stunned villagers: "If we can come back, I will definitely find you, please take care of her..."

  On that deep night, the shocking "Wannan Incident" occurred. Nine thousand soldiers, seven thousand souls returned to the green mountains... According to recollection, when the New Fourth Army headquarters withdrew from Yunling, there were 8 babies left in the homes of local villagers, all with a common name called "Wanliu". The villagers who took in "Wanliu" escaped the search by hiding and suffered greatly. In the long years that followed, the other 7 little "Wanlius" passed away one after another, leaving only Zhan's "Wanliu" surviving. In 1949, Yunling was liberated. Wanliu's adoptive parents took Wanliu to search for soldiers of the Liberation Army everywhere, but the New Fourth Army soldiers from that year never appeared.

  Zhan's family repeatedly ran to Xuancheng and Wuhu, finally learning that Wanliu's biological father was named Meng Xingye and his biological mother was Li Xinqu. Meng Xingye had sacrificed himself in battle, while his mother's whereabouts were unknown... At the Nanjing Military Region Weigang Cadre Children's School, Wanliu officially changed his name to Meng Lie.

  Meng Lie said: "In 1941, the 8 'Wanliu' left behind, and in the end, only I was left. How many heart-wrenching things there were! After the New Fourth Army left Yunling, the Kuomintang reactionaries treated the people of Yunling very cruelly. One day, bandits heard rumors from somewhere that my family was hiding a 'little Communist', so they arrested my father and beat him up for half the night. My father was beaten to death several times, but he refused to say a word. My mother hid me in the small attic of our home and had my older brother guard me, while she went out to beg from door to door, kneeling down and scraping her knees until they were bloody, asking the villagers to vouch for us. The villagers collectively guaranteed that I was indeed a descendant of the Zhan family, and only then did they spare my life, sparing the life of one small member of the New Fourth Army left behind in Yunling."

  Here is the list of "red sisters":

  Mingde Ying

  In the winter of 1942, the Japanese army launched another brutal sweep against our base in Yimeng. That noon, Ming Deying, a deaf and mute peasant woman, took her child who was less than a year old out to sunbathe. Suddenly, a bloody Eighth Route Army soldier ran towards her, indicating that the devils were chasing him from behind. Ming Deying quickly pulled the soldier into her own home, covering him with a quilt on the bed. After the devils left, Ming Deying found that the soldier was thirsty and exhausted, and in desperation, she squeezed out her own milk to feed the soldier's mouth.

  Later, the story was staged. From then on, Hong Sisi became a miniature of women in Yimeng during that era. In those past years, how many Red Sis like Ming Deying were there in the vast expanse of Yimeng, no one can make an accurate count. Only in 1941, during the anti-sweeping operation, the women from several small villages at the foot of Aishan Mountain in Henan Province risked their lives to rescue more than 1300 wounded soldiers of the Eighth Route Army.

  Zuxiulian

  One afternoon in late autumn 1941, Zu Xiulian returned home from the mountains to find a young man lying wounded at her doorstep. The man was wearing only a pair of shorts and had multiple gunshot wounds and one knife wound on his body. Due to excessive blood loss, he was unconscious.

  Zu Xiulian carefully examined him and determined that he was not a local resident. She recalled the sound of gunfire from the south mountain direction earlier and judged that this must be one of their own people. With great effort, she helped the wounded man into her house.

  The wounded man was Guo Wushi, an intelligence officer in the Eighth Route Army. From then on, Zu Xiulian treated him like her own son, carefully nursing him back to health with all her might. At a time when they themselves had gone hungry for several days and didn't even have coarse grains to eat, Zu Xiulian borrowed rice and noodles from relatives and friends, and used the money she earned from spinning thread to buy nutritious food to help Guo Wushi recover.

  Even though she herself went without food or water for several days, she never stopped sending him two meals a day. After nearly a month had passed, under Zu Xiulian's careful care and nursing, Guo Wushi gradually recovered. As soon as he was able to stand up again, he decided to bid farewell to his host and find his unit.

  Zu Xiulian understood his feelings but advised him not to rush, suggesting that she would help him locate the unit before letting him go. Later, they finally found out that there was an underground hospital of the Eighth Route Army in Niuzhuang Village near Xiaoyi District. On a dark night, Zu Xiulian arranged for her nephew Zhang Hengjun and several other family members to carry Guo Wushi under the cover of darkness to this army hospital.

  Guo Wushi received further treatment there and soon recovered and returned to his unit. He then followed the army on their southern and northern campaigns, earning numerous merits in battle.

  Zhao Jianping

  In the revolutionary old district of Beijing's Miyun County, Jiugezhuang Town, there is a legendary elderly woman named Zhao Jianping who has been through the smoke and fire of war. She is affectionately known by local people as "Red Sister". Red Sister joined the [**] at the age of 17 and served as the director of the village women's rescue association. During her tenure as director, she led the sisters in doing a large amount of work, including spreading anti-Japanese propaganda, monitoring enemies, transmitting letters, standing guard, eliminating hidden enemies, caring for wounded soldiers, and making military uniforms and socks.

  Is Gong Cheng Mei?

  Yinan County has a village in the northeast, and there is a woman named Gong Chengmei in the village.

  When she was young, she was the leader of the village's "literacy class". She led her sisters to push mills, roll noodles, bake pancakes, deliver military rations, make military shoes, stand guard, serve as a guide, bury landmines, carry stretchers and comfort wounded soldiers... working day and night without rest.

  One evening in August 1945, Zhu Cuiran from the district women's rescue association said to her: "Cheng Mei, there is a new task again. Whether your village can perform this play well depends on how you, the leading actor, perform." At that time, Cheng Mei and her husband Jing Hui had been married for just over a year. Jing Hui was the head of the village youth rescue association. In this large-scale mobilization to join the army, Dongbei Village was again a model village. Eleven people from the whole village joined the army, forming a platoon, with Jing Hui as the platoon leader.

  It's been five years since she left. She waited and longed every day until the country was liberated. On September 8, 1950, the troops sent someone to deliver Jinghui's remains.

  Cheng Mei said to her fellow villagers who came to visit: "If you want to struggle, there will be sacrifices. Although I lost my beloved husband, I will never regret it. Because without their sacrifice, there would be no happiness today."

  Mongshan Mother - Wang Huan Yu

  Dongxin Village, Aishan Township, Yinan County. In 1939, the command organ of the Shandong Column of the Eighth Route Army was set up in Yu Danni's home in the village. That year, Yu Danni was over 50 years old, and due to the feudal tradition at that time, Yu Danni didn't even have a name, only knowing her maiden surname was Wang. Later, Chen Ruoke, an executive member of the Shandong Provincial Women's Salvation Association who often came to Yu Danni's home for work, learned about this and had a heart-to-heart talk with Yu Danni, telling her many truths about women standing up and becoming human beings, and gave Yu Danni the name Wang HuanYu. From then on, Wang HuanYu considered herself a person of the party, tied her fate closely to the Eighth Route Army, and recognized Chen Ruoke as her own goddaughter.

  It was from then on that Wang Huan became the mother of the Eighth Route Army in Mengshan. For sixty years, the small house of Wang Huan's family had accommodated the leaders of the Eighth Route Army, taken in their children, stored their supplies, and nursed their wounded soldiers. The Mother of Mengshan protected her "children" of the Eighth Route Army with a deep maternal love like that of Mount Mengshan itself.

  In the Shandong Provincial Archives, a copy of the "Shandong Province Joint Conference Gazette" is still preserved here, which was saved by Wang Huan's life. This gazette contains the list of personnel of the Shandong Province Wartime Work Promotion Committee in 1940.

  Li Xiangge (1900-1964)

  From Hebei Province Anping County. During the Anti-Japanese War, under extremely difficult conditions, she successively rescued and protected 73 wounded soldiers of the Eighth Route Army. In 1944, she was awarded the title of "Mother of the Ji Zhong Child Soldier" by the Ji Zhong Military Region. In 1945, she joined the Communist Party of China. In 1949, she attended the First National Women's Congress. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, she worked in agriculture in her hometown. She once served as a member of the Third Executive Committee of the Hebei Provincial Women's Federation.

  Rong Guanxiu

  Born in 1896 in Hutagou Village, Pingshan County, she joined the Communist Party of China in February 1938, thus beginning her strong and long revolutionary career. She led by example, sending two sons to join the army, leading women to support the front lines, risking life and death to protect wounded soldiers of the Eighth Route Army... In her lifetime, the cause of communism had become part of her blood and bones.

  Who is Guan Yuzhen?

  In Wangjiapo Village, Bailin Town, Pingyin County, Shandong Province, the widow of revolutionary martyr Wang Chengqi, Guan Aizhen - villagers affectionately call her "Wang Danniang".

  In October 1941, the Japanese devils launched a large-scale encirclement and suppression campaign against the Yimeng Mountain Revolutionary Base. It was this sinful war that brought disaster to her - an ordinary rural woman who was not yet 30 years old. One day, the fact that her family was hiding two wounded soldiers of the Eighth Route Army somehow leaked out, and the Japanese devils and Han traitors came to arrest people. In the face of the Japanese devils' brutal torture, Wang's family remained strong and did not say a word, ensuring the safety of the wounded soldiers, but her husband was cruelly killed by the Japanese devils.

  Sun Yulan

  Sun Yulan is an old lady from Shandong Province, Zoucheng County, Chongfang Town, San Village. During the Anti-Japanese War, she successively served as the head of the village women's rescue association and the director of the joint defense women's committee for 12 villages, leading local women to actively support the front lines. During the Liberation War, she led women to support the army and mobilized hundreds of young people to join the war effort. In the winter of 1946, during the Southern Shandong Campaign, she led hundreds of women to repair the "Fire Line Bridge" over the Yi River, ensuring the safe passage of our troops and artillery, and was commended as a "pioneer in paving roads and a hero in building bridges". In 1947, when the Nationalist army launched a large-scale attack on the Yimeng Mountains, she risked her life to rescue an injured Liberation Army soldier, eating wild water grass from the river to sustain herself while begging for dry rations to feed the wounded soldier until he recovered and returned to his unit, becoming one of the "Red Mothers" of Yimeng.

  32 names?

  At that time, the life of ordinary people was extremely difficult. The troops had no logistics department, and women would rather eat less and wear less to ensure the army's supplies. According to statistics from some materials on the Huaihai Campaign, Shandong women delivered 40 million pairs of military shoes, 11 million pairs of military socks, 4.6 million sets of military uniforms, more than 6 million dry food bags, more than 2 million flour bags, 20,000 masks, 45,000 leg wraps, and 4,500 quilts... 40 million pairs of shoes. What a concept! It's worth noting that at the time, many peasants' children didn't even wear a new pair of shoes when they got married. In the Yimeng Mountains area, newlywed women took out their dowry, older sisters tore off their own headscarves, and many people, having no other fabric to use, ripped off the front of their own clothes to make shoe uppers.

  The people who participated in the Menglianggu Campaign all know the story of "Fire Line Bridge".

  The night before the battle, to ensure our troops rushed to Menglianggu in time, 32 women from Aishan Township stood in the icy river water that was waist-deep, shouldering wooden boards and using their frail shoulders to build a human bridge, allowing our main force to pass through smoothly.

  At night, although they couldn't see each other's faces clearly, every warrior understood in their hearts that beneath their feet were their sisters, and they were stepping on the shoulders of their loved ones to march into battle.

  An hour passed. After the last soldier had gone past their shoulders, they all collapsed on the sand dunes by the riverbank. A soldier struck a match to illuminate their faces. Then he took down their names one by one. Next, he rushed towards the front line of Menglianggu.

  At dawn, the sound of cannons echoed through Menglianggu. At this time, people found that on the mountain road from Wanguzhuang to Menglianggu, the names of these 32 women were engraved everywhere.

  Do you still remember me?

  In May 1942, Zhang Zhigui's daughter in Wangzhuang Village, Yishui County had just turned one month old when she adopted Chen Rongsheng, the three-month-old daughter of Chen Honggang, commander of the 11th Regiment of the Eighth Route Army. When the child was first brought over, she was so thin that her small arm couldn't even wrap around an adult's finger. Zhigui looked at Rongsheng's pale face and then at her own child, whose cheeks were rosy and legs plump, thinking about how Rongsheng's mother had been fighting guerrilla warfare, risking life and death, she made up her mind to raise Rongsheng well.

  Zhi Gui brought two children, each with a bowl of thin porridge. The family was poor and couldn't afford to buy anything extra for the kids. The children were so hungry they cried. Zhi Gui thought: "Lu Sheng's body is weak, since we promised to take care of their child, we must raise them well."

  Then, Zhi Gui always let Lu Sheng eat his fill first before letting her own children eat. After that, Lu Sheng no longer cried out and his thin body gradually plumped up. But her own children gradually became thinner and thinner.

  Xiao Lu grew up to half a year old, and the two breasts were eaten clean but still not full. Zhi Gui gritted her teeth and weaned her own child.

  In autumn, Xiaolu Sheng was about to turn one year old. Accompanied by the increasingly weak crying of Zhi Gui's daughter, he could call out "father" and "mother".

  But Zhigui's heart couldn't calm down. Listening to her daughter's weak and powerless crying, looking at the child's longing eyes, her heart was about to break.

  Finally, Zhigui's daughter stopped crying and wailing. The child less than 7 months old had unfortunately passed away. The child had stopped breathing, but Zhigui still held her in her arms. She carefully put the nipple into the child's dry mouth that would never suck again, sobbing uncontrollably and saying: "Child, have one more sip, mom owes you an apology!"

  Little Lu Sheng saw his sister about to take the milk, and while calling out for his mother, he snatched the milk: "Mother, I want it, Mother, I want to eat..." Zhi Gui's heart was like a knife twisting inside her, she pushed her own daughter into her husband's arms, and hugged Lu Sheng as she burst into tears.

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